E-LEARNING PRACTICES AND STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOME IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING IN PRIVATE SENIOR  SECONDARY SCHOOLS, LAGOS STATE EDUCATION DISTRICT V

ABSTRACT

This study investigated E-Learning practices and student learning outcomes in financial accounting in senior secondary schools in Lagos state Education District V. Descriptive survey design and chi-square analysis were statistical tools adopted for the study. The population consist of private senior secondary school students in Ojo local government area, Lagos State. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. Findings have shown that the major reason why students have low or no competence on the application of e-learning to enhance their academic performance is due to lack of basic adequate infrastructure and well equipped compute laboratories in private senior secondary schools in Lagos State Education District V. Findings also showed that E-learning raises interest and performance of students generally. The study investigated the effect of E-learning practices and student learning outcome in financial accounting in private senior secondary schools in Lagos State Education District V. The recommendations laid out based on the problem stated is the need for provision of basic adequate infrastructure and well equipped compute laboratories in  private senior secondary schools in Lagos state Education District V

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Content vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.2 Statement of the problem 4

1.3 Objective of the study 5

1.4 Research question 5

1.5 Significance of the study 7

1.6 Scope of the study 7

1.7 Limitation of the study 7

1.8 Definition of terms 8

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Theoretical Framework 9

2.2 Conceptual framework 12

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design 29

3.2 Population of the study 29

3.3 Sample size determination 30

3.4 Instrument of Data collection 30

3.5 Validity of the Instrument 30

3.6 Reliability of the Instrument 31

3.7 Method of data Collection 31

3.8 Method of data Analysis 31

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Data Presentation 33

4.2 Research Hypotheses 38

4.3 Discussion of Findings 40

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary 42

5.2 Conclusion 43

5.3 Recommendation 44

References 46

Appendix 52

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION TO E-LEARNING PRACTICES AND STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOME IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

• Background of the Study

E-learning (EL) basically involves use and application of information and communication technologies (ICT) at web sites, personal computers (PCs), tablet PCs, cell phones, learning management system (LMS), televisions (TVs), radios and other means to improve teaching and learning processes. E-learning is really a unifying phrase accustomed to explain the areas associated with the internet, web-based instruction and technologies directions (Oye, Salleh and Iahad, 2010). In that respect, e-learning is substantially becoming a learning strategy in the realms of teaching, practical learning, skills training and development and many corporate functions as evidenced by massive development of web technologies.

Most secondary schools in Lagos State are the responsibility of the government. There are also schools which are managed by private individuals, universities, pressure groups, religious bodies and foreign communities. The majority of secondary schools in Nigeria offer the junior and senior secondary programme. Before the turn of the century, secondary school students lacked the knowledge of information and communication technologies and its numerous advantages that that we have now. The use of the chalk and board, pictorial charts, drawings and imaginations was used to buttress learning experiences in those days. There was no physical contact with technologies that have now come to improve our knowledge and experiences.

The integration of technological awareness and learning in secondary schools is today making significant strides towards use of more interactive e-learning strategies to effectively enhance overall performance of college students and their trained personnel. In many developed economies, several academic institutions make use of extremely interactive e-learning that directly enhances students’ performance (Soleymanpour, Khalkhali and Reayatkoonandeh, 2010). In the recent era, technologies have indeed become devices accustomed to get rid of physical obstacles and allow students to learn at anytime and anywhere without having physical interaction with the instructor. Against this background, e-Learning therefore improves easy access to effective teaching and learning, and thus enhancing students’ academic efficiency.

According to Heeger (2010), e-learning enables numerous secondary school students to take similar programs concurrently. Nowadays, educational systems have grown to enjoy the reasonable instructions in addition to their learning. Research findings indicate that e-learning systems permit instruction method geared to improve top quality related to instruction and students’ academic achievement. Soleymanpour, Khalkhali and Reayatkoonandeh (2010) further elaborate that those private secondary school that have demonstrated remarkable use of e-learning generally perform quite much better than student counterparts who much rely on use of face-to-face communications and physical interactions with their instructors.

Heeger (2010) report shows that secondary school students who generally participate in online or e-learning achieve far better amounts compared to secondary school students who examined traditional methods. Due to emergence of advancements in educational technology, e- learning is currently gaining substantial attention in education and for this reason; several educational institutions are now pursuing application of electronic learning programs. As such, e-learning is continuously becoming well-established in a number of both private and public education institutions in the world nowadays. Most of these education institutions have become aware of the impacts related to e-learning on students’ academic achievement.

A broad range of learning approaches exists already, for example, e-learning, blended learning, and distance learning which utilize information and communication technology (ICT). The use of ICT can benefit, for example, students in rural areas by having them attend classes as distance learners and motivating them to learn. Regarding this, the potential of e-learning seems very assuring, but because of gaps between developed and developing countries knowledge transfer is not only difficult but also costly. There is little systematic research into the overall effectiveness of e-learning as a learning medium despite the great interest in it, while there is much more work to be done, a variety of e-learning courses aimed at making sustainable development a reality have been developed and demonstrate how e-learning can reach thousands if not millions of minds and potentially plant the seeds of change.

According to case studies, there are already a number of e-learning programs offered in developing countries. These programs are developed by various national and international initiatives. The growth of e-learning programs according to Lockwood & Gooley, 2002 is driven by the need for and potential of providing education in less expensive ways, increased access to information, effective learning and greater flexibility.

 

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• Statement of the Problem

This study was necessitated by the deplorable state of educational system in Nigeria due to the inadequate modern teaching learning facilities and infrastructures. Most libraries in Nigerian secondary schools do not possess required audio-visual learning materials and the ones that have are hardly utilised as a result of incessant power outages and sometimes lack of awareness on the part of the students. Formerly, schools depended on the face-to-face classroom teaching and learning experience but the advent of the technology age has brought about gadget that can improve such experiences. Various learning approaches are being put in place to compensate for the problems occasioned by this traditional learning paradigm. One of them has been the online instruction, which has the potential to provide opportunities for reflective and integrating learning outcomes. This approach when utilized provides the students with adaptive personalized e-learning experiences because it is a practical approach which can be replicated by the students to improve learning outcomes.  It involves the use of mobile technologies such as personal digital assistants and MP3/MP4 player and includes the use of web-based teaching materials, computer rooms or web-sites, webinars, collaborative software and other technologies which can enable the students attend lectures without been physically present. Mavins Beacon application for students, e-mail, blogs, wikis, text chart, computer aided assistant, educational animation, simulation, games, learning management software et cetera are other collaborative packages available.

1.3 Purpose of the Study of E-Learning practices and student learning outcomes in financial accounting

The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of E-learning practices on student outcome in financial accounting in secondary school in education district of Lagos State. Specific objectives include;

1. To evaluate the relationship between e-learning practice and financial accounting learning outcome in private senior secondary schools.
2. To determine the impact of e-learning on the improvement of the quality of learning financial accounting in private senior secondary school in Education District Education District V, Lagos State.

• To find out roles of Government development of E-Learning in private senior secondary schools in Education District IV of Lagos State.
  • Research Questions

1. What is the relationship between e-learning practice and financial accounting learning outcome in private senior secondary schools?
2. What is the impact of e-learning on the improvement of the quality of learning financial accounting in private senior secondary school in Education District Educational District V, Lagos State?

• What are the roles of Government development of E-Learning in secondary schools in Education District IV of Lagos State?
  • Research Hypotheses

Hypothesis I

H₀: There is no significant relationship between e-learning practice and financial accounting learning outcome in private senior secondary schools.

H₁: There is a significant relationship between e-learning practice and financial accounting learning outcome in private senior secondary schools.

Hypothesis II

H₀: There is no significant impact of e-learning on the improvement of the quality of learning financial accounting in private senior secondary school in Education District Education District V, Lagos State.

H₁: There is a significant impact of e-learning on the improvement of the quality of learning financial accounting in private senior secondary school in Education District Education District V, Lagos State.

Hypothesis III

H₀: There is no significant roles of Government development of E-Learning in private senior secondary schools in Education District IV of Lagos State.

H₁: There is a significant roles of Government development of E-Learning in private senior secondary schools in Education District IV of Lagos State.

 

1.6 Significance of the Study of E-Learning practices and student learning outcomes in financial accounting

This study will be of immense benefit to other researchers who intend to know more on this study and can also be used by non-researchers to build more on their research work. This study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other study.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study is on the E-learning practices and student learning outcome in financial accounting in secondary school in educational district of Lagos State.

1.8 Limitations of the study

The demanding schedule of respondents at work made it very difficult getting the respondents to participate in the survey. As a result, retrieving copies of questionnaire in timely fashion was very challenging. Also, the researcher is a student and therefore has limited time as well as resources to cover extensive literature available in conducting this research. Information provided by the researcher may not hold true for all businesses or organizations but is restricted to the selected organization used as a study in this research especially in the locality where this study is being conducted. Finally, the researcher is restricted only to the evidence provided by the participants in the research and therefore cannot determine the reliability and accuracy of the information provided.

Limited Access to Data: During data collection exercise, when some respondents which were based to partake in the study

Inadequate Information: the researcher relied on published articles for information which were based on peoples opinion

1.8 Definition of Terms

E-learning-involves use and application of information and communication technologies (ICT) to aid learning

Educational technology-is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources

Information and Communication Technology (ICT): is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

Financial Accounting: Financial accounting is a branch of accounting concerned with the summary, analysis and reporting of financial transactions related to a business. This involves the preparation of financial statements available for public use